Little Patuxent River

The Little Patuxent River, flowing through Howard County, Maryland, is a scenic and ecologically significant waterway that traverses diverse landscapes and plays a crucial role in the region's environmental health. Originating in the northern part of the county, the river winds its way southward, passing through various parks, residential areas, and commercial districts before merging with the Middle Patuxent River in Savage, Maryland.

The river supports a wide range of wildlife, including fish, birds, and other aquatic organisms, making it a vital habitat for biodiversity. Along its course, the Little Patuxent River is bordered by lush greenery, forested areas, and wetland habitats, providing ample opportunities for recreation and nature observation. Popular activities along the river include hiking, birdwatching, fishing, and kayaking, with several parks such as Savage Park and Centennial Park offering access points and amenities for visitors.

An interesting feature of the Little Patuxent River is its interaction with the fall line, which marks the boundary between the Piedmont and Coastal Plain regions. As the river descends the fall line, there is a noticeable change in elevation, resulting in a series of rapids and small waterfalls. This transition zone creates a dynamic environment where the river’s flow and surrounding landscape undergo significant changes. The fall line is not only a point of geological interest but also a historical marker.

In the 19th century, the fall line of the Little Patuxent River was a prime location for early mills and settlements. These mills harnessed the river's energy to power various operations. To harness the power of the water, a mill would typically use a waterwheel. The basic process involved diverting part of the river's flow into a millrace or canal that directed the water to the waterwheel. The force of the moving water turned the wheel, which in turn powered machinery inside the mill through a series of gears and belts. This mechanical energy could be used for grinding grain in grist mills, sawing wood in sawmills, or spinning and weaving in textile mills. 

 Grist mills take various grains like wheat and converts it into flour of various of qualities and fineness.  In Howard County, the fall line is extended along the Patapsco River Valley below and above Ellicott City and along the Little Patuxent River at Savage going upstream for a few miles.

The elevation drop at Savage and Ellicott City are about 50 feet today, while at while at Guilford it is about 10 feet and further upstream at Simpsonville it is about 7 feet.  The elevation changes further upstream could still produce ample water power for smaller mills, but those closest to the Fall Line would have also benefitted the most from easier transportation to markets to sell their goods.  Once the B&O established itself along the Fall Line (the Main Line and Washington Branch) it was even easier to transport their goods.

In summary, the Little Patuxent River is not just a geographical feature but a lifeline for the local ecosystem and a cherished natural resource for the community, blending ecological significance with recreational appeal.  The consistent and renewable power source provided by the flowing water was essential for the operation and success of these early industrial facilities.